Influence of subacute physical exercise on medium- and long-chain fatty acid profile in serum of individuals with overweight.

OBJECTIVE: to test the hypothesis that acute physical exercise would change the fatty acids in the serum of individuals with increased body weight. METHOD: sixty-six sedentary women with excess weight were included in the sample (BMI = 29.6 ± 4.2). They were aged 24.4 ± 3.6 years and were randomly divided into control and exercise groups. After 12 hours fasting, basal blood collection was performed. Twelve hours after the first collection, the exercise group was submitted to a physical exercise session with energy expenditure of 250 kcal. The volunteers underwent a second blood collection 24 hours after the first one and dosed the fatty acids: pelargonic, azelaic, elaidic and oleic. RESULTS: physical exercise did not change the fatty acid profile response for both the intragroup analysis and intergroup analysis. Exercise group: pelargonic (before = 0.12 ± 0.06% vs after = 0.15 ± 0.14%, p = 0.507); azelaic (before = 20.3 ± 10.5% vs after = 27.7 ± 25.4%, p = 0.295); elaidic (before = 0.03 ± 0.01% vs after = 0.04 ± 0.01%, p = 0.328); oleic (before = 16.1 ± 7.4% vs after = 20.3 ± 14.6%, p = 0.236). CONTROL GROUP: pelargonic (before = 0.70 ± 0.45% vs after = 0.71 ± 0.51%, p = 0.776); azelaic (before = 62.1 ± 26% vs after = 57.1 ± 27%, p = 0.197); elaidic (before = 0.05 ± 0.02% mg/dl vs after = 0.05 ± 0.03%, p = 0.530); oleic (before = 26.8 ± 22.7% mg/dl vs after = 29.0 ± 22.4%, p = 0.525). CONCLUSION: in women with overweight, low intensity physical exercise is not capable of changing the medium-chain fatty acids in the first 12 hours.

Influence of subacute physical exercise on medium- and long-chain fatty acid profile in serum of individuals with overweight / Influencia del ejercicio físico subagudo en el perfil de ácidos grasos de cadena media y larga en individuos con sobrepeso

Objective: to test the hypothesis that acute physical exercise would change the fatty acids in the serum of individuals with increased body weight. Method: sixty-six sedentary women with excess weight were included in the sample (BMI = 29.6 ± 4.2). They were aged 24.4 ± 3.6 years and were randomly divided into control and exercise groups. After 12 hours fasting, basal blood collection was performed. Twelve hours after the first collection, the exercise group was submitted to a physical exercise session with energy expenditure of 250 kcal. The volunteers underwent a second blood collection 24 hours after the first one and dosed the fatty acids: pelargonic, azelaic, elaidic and oleic. Results: physical exercise did not change the fatty acid profile response for both the intragroup analysis and intergroup analysis. Exercise group: pelargonic (before = 0.12 ± 0.06% vs after = 0.15 ± 0.14%, p = 0.507); azelaic (before = 20.3 ± 10.5% vs after = 27.7 ± 25.4%, p = 0.295); elaidic (before = 0.03 ± 0.01% vs after = 0.04 ± 0.01%, p = 0.328); oleic (before = 16.1 ± 7.4% vs after = 20.3 ± 14.6%, p = 0.236). Control group: pelargonic (before = 0.70 ± 0.45% vs after = 0.71 ± 0.51%, p = 0.776); azelaic (before = 62.1 ± 26% vs after = 57.1 ± 27%, p = 0.197); elaidic (before = 0.05 ± 0.02% mg/dl vs after = 0.05 ± 0.03%, p = 0.530); oleic (before = 26.8 ± 22.7% mg/dl vs after = 29.0 ± 22.4%, p = 0.525). Conclusion: in women with overweight, low intensity physical exercise is not capable of changing the medium-chain fatty acids in the first 12 hours

Objetivo: probar la hipótesis de que ejercicio físico agudo cambiaría los ácidos grasos en el suero de las personas con mayor peso corporal. Método: se incluyeron en la muestra sesenta y seis mujeres sedentarias con exceso de peso (IMC = 29.6 ± 4.2). Tenían una edad de 24,4 ± 3,6 años y se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos de control y ejercicio. Después de 12 horas de ayuno, se realizó la extracción de sangre basal. Doce horas después de la primera extracción, el grupo de ejercicio se sometió a una sesión de ejercicio físico con un gasto de energía de 250 kcal. Los voluntarios se sometieron a una segunda extracción de sangre 24 horas después de la primera con dosificación de los ácidos grasos: pelargónico, azelaico, elaídico y oleico. Resultados: el ejercicio físico no modificó la respuesta del perfil de ácidos grasos para el análisis intragrupo y el análisis intergrupo. Ejercicio grupo: pelargónico (antes = 0,12 ± 0,06% vs después = 0,15 ± 0,14%, p = 0,507); azelaico (antes = 20,3 ± 10,5% vs después = 27,7 ± 25,4%, p = 0,295); elaídico (antes = 0,03 ± 0,01% vs después = 0,04 ± 0,01%, p = 0,328); oleico (antes = 16,1 ± 7,4% vs después = 20,3 ± 14,6%, p = 0,236). Grupo de control: pelargónico (antes = 0,70 ± 0,45% vs después = 0,71 ± 0,51%, p = 0,776); azelaico (antes = 62,1 ± 26% vs después = 57,1 ± 27%, p = 0,197); elaídico (antes = 0,05 ± 0,02% mg/dl vs después = 0,05 ± 0,03%, p = 0,530); oleico (antes = 26.8 ± 22,7% mg/dl vs después = 29,0 ± 22,4%, p = 0,525). Conclusión: en mujeres con sobrepeso, el ejercicio físico de baja intensidad no produce ningún cambio en los ácidos grasos de cadena media en las primeras 12 horas

Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade versus treinamento contínuo na composição corporal: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise / Effect of high-intensity interval training versus continuous training on body composition: A systematic review with meta-analysis

A Obesidade é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e a sua prevalência cresce a cada ano atingindo mais de 2 bilhões de adultos no mundo. As principais recomendações para perda de gordura concentram-se em exercícios de estados estacionários de intensidades moderadas. Entretanto, essas diretrizes não conseguem ser atendidas pela maior parte da população adulta. Sendo assim, novas modalidades ou intensidades de exercícios vem sendo propostas na tentativa de promover perdas mais significativas da gordura corporal. Foi realizado uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) e do treinamento contínuo nos desfechos: massa corporal total, percentual de gordura, índice de massa corporal e circunferência de cintura de indivíduos com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, PEDro, Scielo e Cochrane Library. A análise foi restrita a ensaios clínicos randomizados em adultos com 18 anos de idade ou mais e com excesso de peso corporal. As meta-análises foram conduzidas utilizando o software Review Manager para modelos de efeitos aleatórios com o método do inverso da variância para os dados contínuos, os dados foram apresentados por diferença da média e IC95%. Quatorze estudos foram incluídos para a análise meta-analítica, houve redução significativa para o grupo CONT para circunferência de cintura (1,19 cm; IC95%: 0,34­2,04; p= 0,006; I²= 0%). Em conclusão, o HIIT não se mostrou melhor estatisticamente em relação ao CONT para alterar os marcadores da composição corporal.

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its prevalence grows each year reaching more than 2 billion adults worldwide. The main recommendations for fat loss are concentrated in steady-state exercises of moderate intensity. However, these guidelines cannot be met by most of the adult population. Thus, new modalities or exercise intensities are being proposed in an attempt to promote weight or fat loss. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous training on outcomes: total body mass (TBM), fat percentage (%F), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference ( WC) of overweight and / or obesity. Searches were conducted in Pubmed, Science Direct, PEDro, Scielo and Cochrane Library. The analysis was restricted to randomized clinical trials in adults 18 years of age or older and overweight. Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager software for random effects models with the inverse variance method for continuous data, and results were pre-sented by mean difference and 95%CI. Fourteen studies were included for the meta-analytic analysis, there was a significant reduction for the CONT group for CC (1.19 cm; 95%CI: 0,34­2,04; p= 0,006; I²= 0%). In conclusion, HIIT was not statistically better in relation to CONT to alter the markers of body composition.

Metabolic Reponses to a physical exercise session in women with excess body mass: randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: There are various factors that influence the effect of physical exercise on the lipid profile, among them the body mass index and calorie expenditure of the exercise are some of the main factors. To test the hypothesis that a physical exercise session based on caloric expenditure may acutely modify the glycemia and lipid values of women with excess body mass. METHODS: The study included 66 women, randomly divided into two groups, control and experimental, with BMI of 29 ± 4.4 kg/m2 vs 29 ± 4.3 kg/m2 (p = 0.45) sedentary and aged 23 ± 3.8 vs 24 ± 3.5 years, respectively (p = 0.25). After 12 h fasting, the volunteers underwent the first blood collection. The experimental group was submitted to a physical exercise session corresponding to energy expenditure of 250Kcal, of light intensity based the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), 12 h after the first blood collection. The control and experimental group volunteers underwent a second blood collection 24 h after the first. Glycemia, insulin status and lipid profile were measured and Homa IR and Homa-beta were calculated. The t-test for independent and dependent samples was used, and a level of significance of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: Physical exercise changed the glycemic response in both the intragroup analysis (before = 96 ± 6.6 mg/dL vs after = 92 ± 6.6 mg/dL), (p = 0.01), and in the intergroup analysis (control = Δ 0.9 ± 6.1 vs experimental = Δ -4.1 ± 6.3) (p = 0.02). No changes were shown for the Homa IR, Homa Beta and Insulin indexes. When the lipid profiles were evaluated, differences in HDL were shown in the intragroup analysis (before = 89 ± 10.5 mg/dL vs. after = 91 ± 10.3 mg/dL) (p = 0.04). For the other parameters (LDL, TG, Total Cholesterol, TG/HDL), no changes were shown. CONCLUSION: In women with excess body weight, a low intensity exercise session diminished the glycemia, but did not change the lipid response. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03170973 . Retrospectively registered.

Efeito do exercício sobre os níveis de hdl-c: uma revisão sistemática de metanálises / Effect of exercise on hdl-c levels: a systematic review of meta-analyses / Efecto del ejercicio sobre los niveles de hdl-c: una revisión sistemática de metaanálisis

RESUMO A elevação de 1% no HDL-C associa-se à redução de 3% nas taxas de mortalidade cardiovascular. Contudo, praticar exercícios a ponto de gerar alterações benéficas do HDL-C ainda é controverso. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se existe benefício do exercício físico sobre os níveis de HDL-C. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de metanálises, de artigos indexados ao PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Utilizaram-se os termos, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, HDL, Exercise and Resistance Training. Critérios de inclusão: metanálises publicadas até 22 de janeiro de 2015, com o exercício como forma de intervenção e com desfecho no HDL-C. Critérios de exclusão: Não citação de efeitos de confusão, avaliação do HDL-C como desfecho secundário ou intervenção dietética. Com relação ao resultado do treinamento aeróbico, avaliamos oito estudos. Quatro foram significantes para aumento de HDL-C. Destes, a menor duração em semanas foi 21,8 ± 19,5 e a maior foi 35,3 ± 31,8; a menor frequência foi 3,5 ± 1,0 e a maior, 4,0 ± 1,1; a menor intensidade/%VO2máx foi 64,8% e a maior, 69,2 ± 10,1. Quatro estudos não foram significantes, sendo a menor duração em semanas 10,7 ± 3,2 e a maior, 23,19 ± 17,7; a menor frequência foi 3,7 ± 0,8 e a maior foi 4,75 ± 2,5; a menor intensidade/%VO2máx foi 64,2 ± 9,4 e a maior, 74,7 ± 11,8. Treinamento resistido: Nenhum dos três estudos foi significante. Treinamento combinado: Um único estudo apresentou aumento dos níveis de HDL-C (diferença média [IC 95%]: 0,08 (IC 95%, 0,05-0,12 mmol/l]). Concluímos que não é possível afirmar que o treinamento aeróbico, resistido ou combinado, proporcionam aumentos significantes nos níveis de HDL-C, o que limita sua prescrição como terapia eficiente para aumento de HDL-C.

ABSTRACT The 1% increase in HDL-C is associated with a 3% reduction in cardiovascular mortality rates. However, exercising to the point of generating beneficial changes in HDL-C is still controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a benefit of physical exercise on HDL-C levels. This is a systematic review of meta-analyses in articles indexed to PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS. We used the terms Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, HDL, Exercise and Resistance Training. Inclusion criteria: Meta-analyses published until January 22, 2015, with exercise as an intervention and with HDL-C endpoint. Exclusion criteria: No citation of confounding effects, assessment of HDL-C as a secondary endpoint, or dietary intervention. Regarding the aerobic training results, we evaluated eight studies. Four were significant for increased HDL-C. Of these the shortest duration in weeks was 21.8±19.5 and the highest was 35.3±31.8; the lowest frequency was 3.5±1.0 and the highest 4.0±1.1; the lowest intensity/%VO 2max was 64.8% and the highest 69.2±10.1. Four studies were not significant, being the shortest duration in weeks: 10.7±3.2 and the highest 23.19±17.7; the lowest frequency was 3.7±0.8 and the highest was 4.75±2.5; the lowest intensity/%VO 2maxwas 64.2±9.4 and the highest 74.7 ± 11.8. Resistance training: None of the three studies was significant. Combined training: A single study showed an increase in HDL-C levels (mean difference [95% CI]: 0.08 [95% CI, 0.05 -0.12 mmol/L]).We concluded that it is not possible to state that aerobic training, resisted or combined, provides significant increases in HDL-C levels, which limits its prescription as an efficient therapy for HDL-C increase.

RESUMEN Un aumento de 1% en el HDL-C se asocia con una reducción del 3% en las tasas de mortalidad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el ejercicio hasta el punto de generar cambios beneficiosos en el HDL-C sigue siendo controvertido. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si existe un beneficio del ejercicio sobre los niveles de HDL-C. Se trata de una revisión sistemática de los metaanálisis de artículos indexados a PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO y LILACS. Utilizamos los términos Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, HDL, Exercise and Resistance Training. Criterios de inclusión: metaanálisis publicados hasta el 22 de enero de 2015, con el ejercicio como una intervención y el resultado de HDL-C. Criterios de exclusión: No se mencionan los efectos de confusión, la evaluación de HDL-C como criterio secundario de valoración o intervención dietética. Como resultado del entrenamiento aeróbico, se evaluaron ocho estudios. Cuatro fueron significativos en relación al aumento de HDL-C. De estos, el tiempo más corto en semanas fue de 21,8 ± 19,5 y el más largo fue de 35,3 ± 31,8; la frecuencia más baja fue de 3,5 ± 1,0 y la más alta fue de 4,0 ± 1,1, la intensidad/%VO 2máx más baja fue 64,8% y la más alta fue 69,2 ± 10.1 Cuatro estudios no fueron significativos, siendo la menor duración en semanas de 10,7 ± 3,2, y la más grande de 23,19 ± 17,7; la frecuencia más baja fue de 3,7 ± 0,8 y la más alta fue 4,75 ± 2,5; la intensidad/%VO 2máxmás baja fue de 64,2 ± 9,4 y la más alta fue 74,7 ± 11.8. Entrenamiento de resistencia: Ninguno de los tres estudios fue significativo. Entrenamiento combinado: Un único estudio presentó un aumento de los niveles de HDL-C (diferencia promedio [IC 95%]: 0,08 [IC 95%, 0,05-0,12 mmol/l]). Llegamos a la conclusión de que no es posible decir que el entrenamiento aeróbico, de resistencia o combinado, proporciona un aumento significativo de los niveles de HDL-C, lo que limita su prescripción como terapia efectiva para aumentar el HDL-C.